In the shrinkage method, the cross section of shrinking material is the nominal weld section and the applied amount of volumetric strain is calibrated to tests.
Welding simulation is a very wide field of application. The question is what you want to simulate.
If your goal is welding distortion due to thermal shrinkage, then this can be done using simple mechanical models with temperature loads.
See for exa…
Stress averaging across material boundaries is not correct. Stresses can have discontinuities at such boundaries. I don't see the point of averaging at symmetry planes. What is there to average? Both sides would provide the same value. I wrot…